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<i class='fas fa-caret-right ms-1'></i></div><div id=sidebar-toc class="hidden md:block overflow-y-auto mx-6 md:mx-0 pe-6 pt-2 md:max-h-doc-sidebar bg-primary-bg md:bg-transparent"><div class="flex flex-wrap ms-4 -me-2 p-2 bg-secondary-bg md:bg-primary-bg rounded"><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/>汇编语言</a></div><ul class=ps-6><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/18/>11.9 ~ 11.11</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/17/>11.7 ~ 11.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/16/>11.1 ~ 11.6</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/15/>10.8 ~ 10.12</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/14/>10.1 ~ 10.7</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/13/>9.7 ~ 9.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/12/>9.1 ~ 9.6</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/11/>8.5 ~ 8.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/10/>8.1</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/9/>7.1 ~ 7.10</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/8/>6.1 ~ 6.3</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/7/>5.1 ~ 5.4</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/6/>4.1 ~ 4.9</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/5/>3.6 ~ 3.10</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/4/>3.1 ~ 3.5</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/3/>2.8 ~ 2.12</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class=hover:text-eureka href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/2/>1.11 ~ 2.6</a></div></li><li class=py-2><div><a class="text-eureka hover:text-eureka" href=https://b.hui.ke/docs/assembly-language/1/>1.1 ~ 1.10</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="w-full md:w-3/4 lg:w-4/5 pb-8 pt-2 md:pt-8"><div class=flex><div class="w-full lg:w-3/4 px-6"><article class=prose><h1 class=mb-4>1.1 ~ 1.10</h1><div class="text-tertiary-text not-prose mt-2 flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center"><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-calendar me-1"></i>
<span>2020-03-02</span></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fa-solid fa-pen-to-square me-1"></i>
<span>2020-03-02</span></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-clock me-1"></i>
<span>3 min read</span></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fas fa-folder me-1"></i>
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<a href=https://b.hui.ke/series/x86asm-language/ class=hover:text-eureka>x86asm Language</a></div><div class="me-6 my-2"><i class="fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i>
<span id=busuanzi_value_page_pv><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span> Hits</div></div><p>  《汇编语言（第3版）》1.1 ~ 1.10、《零基础入门学习汇编语言》P1 ~ 4</p><h2 id=第一章-基础知识>第一章 基础知识</h2><h3 id=12-汇编语言的产生>1.2 汇编语言的产生</h3><pre><code class=language-x86asm>MOV AX,BX     # 寄存器 BX 的内容送到 AX 中
</code></pre><p>  寄存器：简单的讲是 CPU 中可以存储数据的器件，一个 CPU 中有多个寄存器。AX 是其中一个寄存器的代号，BX 是另一个寄存器的代号。</p><h3 id=13-汇编语言的组成>1.3 汇编语言的组成</h3><p>  汇编语言由以下 3 类组成</p><ol><li>汇编指令（机器码的助记符）</li><li>伪指令（由编译器执行）</li><li>其它符号（由编译器识别）</li></ol><p>  汇编语言的核心是汇编指令，它决定了汇编语言的特性。</p><h3 id=14-存储器>1.4 存储器</h3><p>  要想让一个 CPU 工作，就必须向它提供指令和数据。</p><p>  指令和数据在存储器中存放，也就是平时所说的内存。</p><p>  磁盘不同于内存，磁盘上的数据或程序如果不读到内存中，就无法被 CPU 使用。</p><h3 id=16-存储单元>1.6 存储单元</h3><p>  存储器被划分为若干个存储单元，每个存储单元从 0 开始顺序编号。</p><p>  例如：一个存储器有 128 个存储单元，编号从 0~127。</p><h3 id=17-cpu-对存储器的读写>1.7 CPU 对存储器的读写</h3><p>  CPU 要想进行数据的读写，必须和外部器件（标准的说法是芯片）进行三类信息的交互</p><ol><li>存储单元的地址（地址信息）</li><li>器件的选择，读或写命令（控制信息）</li><li>读或写的数据（数据信息）</li></ol><p>  在计算机中专门有连接 CPU 和其他芯片的导线，通常称为总线</p><ol><li>物理上：一根根导线的集合</li><li>逻辑上划分为：<ol><li>地址总线</li><li>数据总线</li><li>控制总线</li></ol></li></ol><h3 id=18-地址总线>1.8 地址总线</h3><p>  CPU 是通过地址总线来指定存储单元的。</p><p>  地址总线上能传送多少个不同的信息，CPU 就可以对多少个存储单元进行寻址。</p><p>  一个 CPU 有 N 根地址总线，则可以说这个 CPU 的地址总线的宽度为 N。</p><p>  这样的 CPU 最多可以寻找 $ 2^N $</p><p>  个内存单元。</p><h3 id=19-数据总线>1.9 数据总线</h3><p>  CPU 与内存或其它器件之间的数据传送是通过数据总线来进行的。</p><p>  数据总线的宽度决定了 CPU 和外界的数据传送速度。</p><h3 id=110-控制总线>1.10 控制总线</h3><p>  CPU 对外部器件的控制是通过控制总线来进行的。在这里控制总线是个总称，控制总线是一些不同控制线的集合。</p><p>  有多少根控制总线，就意味着 CPU 提供了对外部器件的多少种控制。</p><p>  所以，控制总线的宽度决定了 CPU 对外部器件的控制能力。</p><h3 id=小结>小结</h3><ol><li>汇编指令是机器指令的助记符，同机器指令一一对应。</li><li>每一种 CPU 都有自己的汇编指令集。</li><li>CPU 可以直接使用的信息在存储器中存放。</li><li>在存储器中指令和数据没有任何区别，都是二进制信息。</li><li>存储单元从零开始顺序编号。</li><li>一个存储单元可以存储 8 个 bit（用作单位写成“b”），即 8 位二进制数。</li><li>1B=8b</li><li>每一个 CPU 芯片都有许多管脚，这些管脚和总线相连。也可以说，这些管脚引出总线。一个 CPU 可以引出三种总线的宽度标志了这个 CPU 的不同方面的性能<ol><li>地址总线的宽度决定了 CPU 的寻址能力</li><li>数据总线的宽度决定了 CPU 与其它器件进行数据传送时的一次数据传送量；</li><li>控制总线的宽度决定了 CPU 对系统中其它器件的控制能力。</li></ol></li></ol></article><div class=my-4><a href=https://b.hui.ke/tags/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF/ class="inline-block bg-tertiary-bg text-sm rounded px-3 py-1 my-1 me-2 hover:text-eureka">#地址总线</a>
<a href=https://b.hui.ke/tags/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF/ class="inline-block bg-tertiary-bg text-sm rounded px-3 py-1 my-1 me-2 hover:text-eureka">#数据总线</a>
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hidden px-6 pb-6 lg:block"><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#第一章-基础知识>第一章 基础知识</a><ul><li><a href=#12-汇编语言的产生>1.2 汇编语言的产生</a></li><li><a href=#13-汇编语言的组成>1.3 汇编语言的组成</a></li><li><a href=#14-存储器>1.4 存储器</a></li><li><a href=#16-存储单元>1.6 存储单元</a></li><li><a href=#17-cpu-对存储器的读写>1.7 CPU 对存储器的读写</a></li><li><a href=#18-地址总线>1.8 地址总线</a></li><li><a href=#19-数据总线>1.9 数据总线</a></li><li><a href=#110-控制总线>1.10 控制总线</a></li><li><a href=#小结>小结</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><script>window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{enableStickyToc()})</script></div></div></div></div></div><script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{hljs.highlightAll(),changeSidebarHeight(),switchDocToc()})</script></div></div></main><footer class=pl-scrollbar><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-screen-xl"><div class="text-center p-6 pin-b"><script async src=/js/click.js></script><div id=poem_ip></div><script type=text/javascript>jinrishici.load(function(e){tags.innerHTML=e.data.matchTags})</script><div><span id=timeDate>载入年天数...</span><span id=times>载入时分秒...</span>
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